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Model

RhoFold+

RhoFold+ predicts RNA three-dimensional structures from RNA sequence with alignment information.

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

6 evaluations · 12 metric rows

How it worksRhoFold+ workflow
RhoFold+ workflow1. RNA sequence and MSA. Then: 2. RhoFold+ prediction. Then: 3. Structure and confidence. Then: 4. Optional relaxationRhoFold+ workflow1. RNA sequence and MSA. Then: 2. RhoFold+ prediction. Then: 3. Structure and confidence. Then: 4. Optional relaxationRhoFold+ workflow1. RNA sequence and MSA. Then: 2. RhoFold+ prediction. Then: 3. Structure and confidence. Then: 4. Optional relaxation

Conceptual summary of the documented data flow; optional inputs and configured downstream stages must be reported for a reproducible evaluation.

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Overview

Model type

RNA structure predictor with language-model and MSA inputs

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Inputs

RNA FASTA (A, U, G, C), optionally a supplied MSA; an MSA is otherwise generated by the full workflow.

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Outputs

Three-dimensional PDB models, predicted distograms, secondary structure and per-residue confidence.

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Access

Official project documentation and implementation: https://github.com/ml4bio/RhoFold

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

limited source coverage · Automated source review, 2026-09-16. All specifications and missing details

Evaluations and results

6 evaluations · 12 metric rows. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.

Filter evaluations

Applied filters: All linked evaluations

Exact evaluated configurations and original reported results
Tested configurationProtocol and datasetFindingEvidence and details
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1107-rmsd: R1107: RMSD
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1107 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
5.01 Å rmsd
angstrom · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1107-rmsd: R1107: RMSD

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!B11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!B1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1107-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1107: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1107 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
4.68 sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1107-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1107: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!H11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!H1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1108-rmsd: R1108: RMSD
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1108 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
4.54 Å rmsd
angstrom · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1108-rmsd: R1108: RMSD

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!C11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!C1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1108-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1108: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1108 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
4.5199999999999996 sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1108-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1108: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!I11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!I1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1116-rmsd: R1116: RMSD
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1116 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
8.92 Å rmsd
angstrom · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1116-rmsd: R1116: RMSD

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!D11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!D1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1116-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1116: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1116 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
2.68 sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1116-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1116: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!J11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!J1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1117-rmsd: R1117: RMSD
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1117 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
2.87 Å rmsd
angstrom · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1117-rmsd: R1117: RMSD

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!E11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!E1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1117-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1117: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1117 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
2.0099999999999998 sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1117-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1117: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!K11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!K1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1149-rmsd: R1149: RMSD
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1149 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
7.66 Å rmsd
angstrom · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1149-rmsd: R1149: RMSD

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!F11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!F1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1149-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1149: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1149 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
3.75 sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1149-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1149: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!L11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!L1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1156-rmsd: R1156: RMSD
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1156 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
17.43 Å rmsd
angstrom · lower

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1156-rmsd: R1156: RMSD

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!G11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!G1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51
Configuration: RhoFold+Protocol: RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1156-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1156: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score
Dataset subset: CASP15 natural RNA target R1156 (RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison split)
1.32 sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score
dimensionless · higher

Uncertainty: Not reported

Coverage: unit: CASP15 natural RNA target; scored: 1; eligible: 1; note: Per-cell target count; source retains up to five candidate structures, not five independent evaluation targets.

Author-reported evaluation · source checked
Methods, coverage and source

RhoFold+ on RhoFold+ 2024 CASP15 natural RNA comparison R1156-sum_z_gdt_ts_tm_score: R1156: Sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score

Retrospective evaluation of six CASP15 natural single-chain RNA targets; each task retains one named target. Artificially designed targets and RNA-protein complexes excluded. RNA sequence inputs without ions or other molecules. Paper Par13 selects the highest-performing of five candidates; Par51 describes five sampled-MSA runs for RhoFold+, one AlphaFold3 server run yielding five models, and five CASP15 models for the other methods. Figure 2h reports RMSD and sum of Z-scores for GDT-TS and TM-score. Metric-specific winning candidate identity, exact scoring-tool revision and RMSD atom selection remain unextracted. No target pooling or score recomputation.

Aggregation: Source-reported selected candidate for one target; no cross-target aggregation.

RhoFold+ Nature Methods 2024: Source Data Figure 2h · fig2hi!M11; method fig2hi!A11; target fig2hi!M1; Fig. 2h caption; XML Par13–15 and Par51

Source checking is not independent reproduction. Release 2026-09-23-2b89723c6dd9.

Use this model

How it works, versions and access

Versions and evaluated configurations

How it works

How it works

RhoFold+ predicts RNA three-dimensional structures from RNA sequence with alignment information. RNA-FM embeddings and MSA representations enter the Rhoformer transformer stack; a geometry-aware invariant-point-attention structure module predicts frames and torsion angles with recycling. The documented inputs are RNA FASTA (A, U, G, C), optionally a supplied MSA; an MSA is otherwise generated by the full workflow. The output consists of three-dimensional PDB models, predicted distograms, secondary structure and per-residue confidence.

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Versions and reproducibility

RhoFold+; the README links a pretrained checkpoint and the 2024 Nature Methods paper. The paper limits MSA depth to256 sequences during training and default inference. This is alignment depth, not an RNA-length maximum; the latter remains unextracted.

Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Strengths, limitations and unresolved questions

Strengths and limitations

Strengths and considerations

  • Produces secondary and tertiary outputs and supports provided or automatically generated alignments.
    Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Limitations and conditions

  • The README labels sequence-only inference as a lower-accuracy testing mode. Constructing the full MSA databases needs substantial local storage; macOS is not supported by its documented setup.
    Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Profile review details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Stable record: catalog-model-rhofold

Specifications

Inputs, training, access and other details

Explanatory profile: limited source coverage · Automated source review, 2026-09-16. Review applies to the cited claims; unresolved fields are listed below. Numerical results retain their own review status.

Inputs, outputs and configuration
PropertyDescription and evidence
Model typeRNA structure predictor with language-model and MSA inputs
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
ArchitectureRNA-FM embeddings and MSA representations enter the Rhoformer transformer stack; a geometry-aware invariant-point-attention structure module predicts frames and torsion angles with recycling.
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
InputsRNA FASTA (A, U, G, C), optionally a supplied MSA; an MSA is otherwise generated by the full workflow.
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
OutputsThree-dimensional PDB models, predicted distograms, secondary structure and per-residue confidence.
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
ParametersThe inspected paper describes RNA-FM, Rhoformer and structure modules without stating a total for the complete selected predictor in those architecture sections. · Not reported in inspected sources
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Known versionsRhoFold+; the README links a pretrained checkpoint and the 2024 Nature Methods paper.
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Training dataRNA-FM pretraining uses RNAcentral100. Structure training uses PDB RNA chains selected through BGSU representative sets, with additional self-distillation from RNAStralign/bpRNA-derived sequences.
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Training cutoffStructural-data selection uses the BGSU representative set dated 2022-04-13. This does not establish a single cutoff for every RNA-FM or MSA resource.
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Context limitsMSA depth is capped at 256 during documented training and default inference. The reviewed paper does not establish a single RNA-length maximum; MSA depth is a different quantity. · Not reported in inspected sources
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Weights licenceApache-2.0 declared in the official cuhkaih/rhofold model-card metadata; this is distinct from access conditions for training data.
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
AccessOfficial project documentation and implementation: https://github.com/ml4bio/RhoFold
Sources (3)ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md; cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md; rhofold: Journal full-text XML · Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata
Code licenceApache-2.0
Sourcesml4bio/RhoFold: LICENSE · LICENSE: licence text

Evidence

Source checking verifies the cited claim or transcription. It does not establish independent reproduction.

Evidence table

Inspect claims, sources and review details

Trace each statement to its source and review. A context-only reference supports the record generally; it does not verify an individual field. Source checking does not reproduce an experiment.

One row per statement and cited source. Multiple citations are not independent evaluations. Shared locators are labelled explicitly.

58 evidence rows matching the loaded filters

Claims, original sources and review scope · Release 2026-09-23-2b89723c6dd9
Property and statementOriginal source and locationReview and provenance
Diagram caption
Conceptual summary of the documented data flow; optional inputs and configured downstream stages must be reported for a reproducible evaluation.
Individual claims
rhofold: Journal full-text XML

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: Retrieved page snapshot; no immutable publisher revision supplied
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T19:53:03.009162+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.caption

Source artifact SHA-256: a74ba0e47c4b0cdc4481f10ffd10d323eaabc9906d55315f9b2009898d8ae803

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram caption
Conceptual summary of the documented data flow; optional inputs and configured downstream stages must be reported for a reproducible evaluation.
Individual claims
cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: 4458c1c5484a3a10a7f3059b9f0e8ca0447b23ac
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T20:04:02.231237+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.caption

Source artifact SHA-256: f5672ffed6edaea59f16fe42dfa0bac09473801cd90cbcb6d8ca00995a2969c2

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram caption
Conceptual summary of the documented data flow; optional inputs and configured downstream stages must be reported for a reproducible evaluation.
Individual claims
ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: 6bdfbda720184409eb682ce08c05d258162ddc48
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T19:46:19.891935+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.caption

Source artifact SHA-256: 530ee4a54cc39d30c7b66ddafe6f28a6162219812d977473a2d0ade7ad1fcba6

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram steps
  • RNA sequence and MSA
  • RhoFold+ prediction
  • Structure and confidence
  • Optional relaxation
Individual claims
rhofold: Journal full-text XML

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: Retrieved page snapshot; no immutable publisher revision supplied
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T19:53:03.009162+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.steps

Source artifact SHA-256: a74ba0e47c4b0cdc4481f10ffd10d323eaabc9906d55315f9b2009898d8ae803

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram steps
  • RNA sequence and MSA
  • RhoFold+ prediction
  • Structure and confidence
  • Optional relaxation
Individual claims
cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: 4458c1c5484a3a10a7f3059b9f0e8ca0447b23ac
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T20:04:02.231237+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.steps

Source artifact SHA-256: f5672ffed6edaea59f16fe42dfa0bac09473801cd90cbcb6d8ca00995a2969c2

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram steps
  • RNA sequence and MSA
  • RhoFold+ prediction
  • Structure and confidence
  • Optional relaxation
Individual claims
ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: 6bdfbda720184409eb682ce08c05d258162ddc48
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T19:46:19.891935+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.steps

Source artifact SHA-256: 530ee4a54cc39d30c7b66ddafe6f28a6162219812d977473a2d0ade7ad1fcba6

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram title
RhoFold+ workflow
Individual claims
rhofold: Journal full-text XML

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: Retrieved page snapshot; no immutable publisher revision supplied
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T19:53:03.009162+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.title

Source artifact SHA-256: a74ba0e47c4b0cdc4481f10ffd10d323eaabc9906d55315f9b2009898d8ae803

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram title
RhoFold+ workflow
Individual claims
cuhkaih/rhofold: README.md

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: 4458c1c5484a3a10a7f3059b9f0e8ca0447b23ac
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T20:04:02.231237+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.title

Source artifact SHA-256: f5672ffed6edaea59f16fe42dfa0bac09473801cd90cbcb6d8ca00995a2969c2

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Diagram title
RhoFold+ workflow
Individual claims
ml4bio/RhoFold: README.md

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: 6bdfbda720184409eb682ce08c05d258162ddc48
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T19:46:19.891935+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.diagram.title

Source artifact SHA-256: 530ee4a54cc39d30c7b66ddafe6f28a6162219812d977473a2d0ade7ad1fcba6

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Model type
RNA structure predictor with language-model and MSA inputs
Individual claims
rhofold: Journal full-text XML

Original source ↗

Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata

Shared locator for this statement’s cited sources; not a separate locator for each citation.

Version: Retrieved page snapshot; no immutable publisher revision supplied
Retrieved: 2026-09-16T19:53:03.009162+00:00

source checked

automated source review · 2026-09-16

Audit details

Inspected pinned official documentation, relevant implementation files and named primary-paper sections. Claims are limited to those artifacts. Remaining field extraction and identity conflicts are explicit; no new performance claims, model runs or human review are implied.

Field: attributes.profile.facts.0.value

Source artifact SHA-256: a74ba0e47c4b0cdc4481f10ffd10d323eaabc9906d55315f9b2009898d8ae803

Hash scope: SHA-256 of retrieved original artifact bytes

Format: original_artifact

Inspected artifact

Sources and history

View linked audit checks and correction history

Release 2026-09-23-2b89723c6dd9 · Record review: discovered

5 source records and release historyDownload this release
Technical metadata and extraction receipts

Stable ID: catalog-model-rhofold

areas
rna-transcriptomes
method types
specialist
entity level
family
version
pretrained
reported name
RhoFold+
access
Public code and checkpoint instructions.
method type
specialist
historical missing metadata
checkpoint revision: not_yet_extracted; training data: not_yet_extracted; licence: not_yet_extracted
metadata review scope
historical_missing_metadata preserves the original discovery state. Current descriptive evidence and missingness are recorded in profile.facts; numerical-result review is separate.
entity classification
review date: 2026-09-17; rationale: The cited profile describes a named learned biological predictor or representation model/family. Preserve this identity separately from task-specific fitting, individual checkpoints, pipelines and hosted access.; source ids: evidence-official-955922130ff85a74fa18; evidence-official-8b4e1bd487c21cda9862; evidence-official-3e1890c3652bc5c150f7; source locator: Paper: Automated end-to-end platform, Large-scale pretraining dataset, Efficient development of a self-distillation dataset, Feature processing with Rhoformer and Data availability; README.md: Usage; official cuhkaih/rhofold card licence metadata; ambiguities: None recorded
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