Strengths and considerations
No source-reviewed explanatory claims are recorded here yet.
Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification · Table 1. Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1.
Explanatory profile: limited source coverage · Automated source review, 2026-09-17. Review applies to the cited claims; unresolved fields are listed below. Numerical results retain their own review status.
| Property | Description and evidence |
|---|---|
| Datasets | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
| Organisms | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
| Assays | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
| Splits | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
| Allowed inputs | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
| Adaptation | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
| Metrics | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
| Baselines | Not extracted or verified for this record. |
Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1.
Benchmarks bring together tasks and protocols. A task describes the biological question; a protocol defines a particular test.
These source-backed links do not make different protocols or scores interchangeable.
Each evaluation records what was tested and under which conditions.
Explore the results reported under one evaluation protocol. Each figure keeps its source, dataset and metric together; it is not a ranking across studies.
AUROC (percent) · Higher values are better for this metric.
Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1.
Source order is preserved. Plotted marks show point estimates; uncertainty, where reported, is retained in the printed values and table. Differences do not establish statistical significance.
Protein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1: AUC (%), Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification| Tested entity | Printed value | Uncertainty | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| BL Length · Configuration | 61.97 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row BL Length, column AUC (%); XML row2 column2 |
| AA n-grams · Configuration | 91.5 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row AA n-grams, column AUC (%); XML row3 column2 |
| ESM2 8M · Configuration | 98.09 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 8M, column AUC (%); XML row4 column2 |
| ESM2 35M · Configuration | 98.69 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 35M, column AUC (%); XML row5 column2 |
| ESM2 150M · Configuration | 99.26 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 150M, column AUC (%); XML row6 column2 |
| ESM2 650M · Configuration | 99.67 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry; Protein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, ESM2 650M row, AUC (%) column |
| Linear-T5 · Configuration | 99.56 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row Linear-T5, column AUC (%); XML row8 column2 |
| Tree-T5 · Configuration | 99.65 percent | Not reported | Author-reported evaluation · source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row Tree-T5, column AUC (%); XML row9 column2 |
Source transcription and grouping reviewed by automated source review on 2026-09-17. These experiments were not independently reproduced by rewire.
Release 2026-09-17-d277315f7d76 · 8 evaluations · 32 metric rows. Different protocols are not a single leaderboard.
| Metric and finding | Coverage and uncertainty | Evidence |
|---|---|---|
| ESM2 650M: human-versus-viral protein classification Configuration: ESM2 650MProtocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 99.67% AUROC Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: not reported in legacy extract Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry; Protein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, ESM2 650M row, AUC (%) column Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 96.85% Prec. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 650M, column Prec.; XML row7 column4 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 97.86% Accur. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 650M, column Accur.; XML row7 column3 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 96.68% Recall Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 650M, column Recall; XML row7 column5 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| ESM2 8M: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Configuration: ESM2 8MProtocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 92.15% Prec. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 8M, column Prec.; XML row4 column4 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 92.33% Recall Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 8M, column Recall; XML row4 column5 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 98.09% AUROC Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 8M, column AUC (%); XML row4 column2 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| AA n-grams: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Configuration: AA n-gramsProtocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 91.5% AUROC Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row AA n-grams, column AUC (%); XML row3 column2 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 88.49% Prec. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row AA n-grams, column Prec.; XML row3 column4 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| ESM2 35M: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Configuration: ESM2 35MProtocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 98.69% AUROC Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 35M, column AUC (%); XML row5 column2 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 93.81% Prec. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 35M, column Prec.; XML row5 column4 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 93.92% Recall Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 35M, column Recall; XML row5 column5 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 95.83% Accur. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 35M, column Accur.; XML row5 column3 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| ESM2 150M: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Configuration: ESM2 150MProtocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 95.54% Prec. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 150M, column Prec.; XML row6 column4 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 96.99% Accur. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 150M, column Accur.; XML row6 column3 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 95.48% Recall Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 150M, column Recall; XML row6 column5 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 99.26% AUROC Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row ESM2 150M, column AUC (%); XML row6 column2 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| Tree-T5: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Configuration: Tree-T5Protocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 97.7% Recall Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row Tree-T5, column Recall; XML row9 column5 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 97.7% Accur. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row Tree-T5, column Accur.; XML row9 column3 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 99.65% AUROC Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row Tree-T5, column AUC (%); XML row9 column2 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| Linear-T5: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Configuration: Linear-T5Protocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 97.57% Recall Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row Linear-T5, column Recall; XML row8 column5 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 97.57% Accur. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row Linear-T5, column Accur.; XML row8 column3 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| BL Length: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Configuration: BL LengthProtocol: Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification (human-versus-viral protein classification)Dataset: human and viral proteins Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Author-reported evaluation · Evaluation metadata: needs review | ||
| 78.5% Accur. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row BL Length, column Accur.; XML row2 column3 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 78.5% Prec. Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row BL Length, column Prec.; XML row2 column4 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
| 78.5% Recall Unit: percent · Direction: higher | Uncertainty: unreported Scored: Not reported · Eligible: Not reported | source checkedProtein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry · Table 1, row BL Length, column Recall; XML row2 column5 Source checking is not independent reproduction. |
Last literature check: 2026-09-17. Primary-source discovery and table/protocol screening; source checked is not independently reproduced. Raw acquisitions not automatically numerical publication approval.
| Paper or primary resource | Version | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Protein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry | version of record | Read source DOI: 10.3390/v17091199 |
complete comparison tables extracted pending publication review
No source-reviewed explanatory claims are recorded here yet.
No source-reviewed explanatory claims are recorded here yet.
Primary-source transcription and separate automated review. No human sign-off or experimental reproduction.
Stable record: paper-protocol-1352834b9391c1dacbTrace each statement to its source and review. A context-only reference supports the record generally; it does not verify an individual field. Source checking does not reproduce an experiment.
One row per statement and cited source. Multiple citations are not independent evaluations. Shared locators are labelled explicitly.
3 evidence rows matching the loaded filters
| Property and statement | Original source and location | Review and provenance |
|---|---|---|
| Evaluation in this paper Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Individual claims | Protein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry Table 1: AUC (%), Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Version: version of record | source checked automated source review · 2026-09-17 Audit detailsPrimary-source transcription and separate automated review. No human sign-off or experimental reproduction. Field: Source artifact SHA-256: Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes. |
| Introduction Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification · Table 1. Compare protein origin classifiers; T 5 embeddings plus linear/tree models vs ESM 2 fine-tuning and simple controls. UniRef90 deduplication; proteins longer than1,600 residues excluded; UniRef50 clusters assigned80% training and20% test with no cluster shared. Separate four-fold error-analysis experiment not assigned toTable1. Individual claims | Protein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry Table 1: AUC (%), Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Version: version of record | source checked automated source review · 2026-09-17 Audit detailsPrimary-source transcription and separate automated review. No human sign-off or experimental reproduction. Field: Source artifact SHA-256: Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes. |
| Relationship: evaluates task reported-task-53506fe386e4a1 Individual claims | Protein Language Models Expose Viral Immune Mimicry Table 1: AUC (%), Held-out human-versus-virus protein classification Version: version of record | source checked automated source review · 2026-09-17 Audit detailsField: Claim: paper-claim-91e8ca5ec38f180326 Source artifact SHA-256: Hash scope: Exact retrieved primary paper artifact bytes. |
Release 2026-09-17-d277315f7d76 · Record review: needs review
Stable ID: paper-protocol-1352834b9391c1dacb